Publications - Publikationer

The Orwellian Dimension of Scientific Progress

Wray, K. B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Kuhn claims after a revolutionary change of theory, scientists need to write new textbooks to incorporate the new theoretical perspective. The revisions do not merely involve the addition of the new discoveries. The task involves some rewriting of the history of the discipline. Kuhn suggests there are parallels to Orwell’s 1984. The “new” history of a scientific field is written to emphasize the continuity through the change. I examine the role Kuhn’s comparison to 1984 plays in his argument, and the significance of the rewriting of a discipline’s history after a change of theory. The process tells us something about both how scientists are trained to work effectively, and the nature of the changes that occur during a scientific revolution.

Introductory Essay: The Impact of Structure

Wray, K. B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

The influence of Kuhn’s Structure has been remarkably wide-ranging. The author was honored by the History of Science Society, the Philosophy of Science Association, and the Society for the Social Studies of Science three very different academic Societies. I review the impact of Structure, and the changing perceptions of its significance, one discipline at a time. I focus on book reviews of Structure, some written soon after the book was first published, and others written as much as 50 years after its publication, in response to the publication of the 4th edition. I also discuss articles that reflect on the impact of the book and eulogies or appreciations of Kuhn marking his death in 1996.

Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions at 60

Wray, K. B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

The book comntains 14 new essays on Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

The humanist challenge to China’s dominant policies for popularizing science and technology (PST)

Fu, S., Nielsen, K. H. — Tue, 16 May 2023 18:18:04 +0200

Conceptualisations of public trust in climate science: A systematic meta-narrative literature review

Ledderer, L. K., Fage-Butler, A., Nielsen, K. H. — Tue, 02 May 2023 18:18:04 +0200

Natures opgør med racisme

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 28 Apr 2023 18:18:04 +0200

Folkedrab eller hungersnød

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 14 Apr 2023 18:18:04 +0200

How European Research Libraries Can Support Citizen-Enhanced Open Science

Kaarsted, T., Blake, O., Nielsen, K. H., et al. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

The role of the media in vaccination controversies

Nielsen, K. H. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Science communication and scientism

Gouyon, J., Turbil, C., Kohlt, F., Nielsen, K. H., Sleigh, C. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Virologer på vildspor

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 31 Mar 2023 18:18:04 +0200

Psykedelisk genfødsel

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 17 Mar 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Misinformation om løgne

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 03 Mar 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Principles for Just Prioritization of Expensive Biological Therapies in the Danish Health Care System

Bladt, T. M., Vorup-Jensen, T., Ebbesen, M. — Sat, 18 Feb 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Metascience builds connections

Wray, K. B., Nash, L. — Wed, 01 Mar 2023 18:18:04 +0100

This is an editorial for the March issue of Metascience.

Computational thinking i matematik, naturfag og samfundsfag

Musaeus, L. H., Hansen, J. Ø., Nielsen, K. — Tue, 07 Mar 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Abstract: I et projekt der strakte sig over fire år, udviklede og afprøvede vi sammen med lærere fra
gymnasiet undervisningsforløb der integrerer modelbaserede computationelle metoder i undervisningen i STEM-fagene. Der er publiceret og udviklet en didaktik for den integrerede undervisning, skrevet
forskningsartikler herom samt udviklet ca. 100 nye undervisningsforløb der udnytter didaktikken.
Samtidig er der udviklet et efteruddannelseskoncept som sætter lærerne i stand til selv at fortsætte
arbejdet på egen skole. Projektet har vist at det er muligt at forny fagenes metoder og samtidig udvikle
elevernes computationelle modelleringskompetencer ved at inddrage computationel tænkning og
kodning i den faglige undervisning.

AI: Ven eller fjende?

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 24 Feb 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Magisk tænkning

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 10 Feb 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Complexity and controversy in media coverage of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination

Agergaard, T. E., Smith, M., Gammelby, A. K. L., Tørring, M. L., Nielsen, K. H. — Wed, 01 Mar 2023 18:18:04 +0100

A foundational text in scientometrics

Wray, K. B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

This is a reflection on Price's Litte science, Big Science, in celebration of the 60th anniversary of its publication.

Science & theatre: communication, concepts, contexts, and cases

Nielsen, K. H. — Mon, 13 Feb 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Guidance for the implementation of the UNESCO Open Science Recommendation re. "Opening science to society" (FINAL)

Hsing, P., Ajates, R., Kragh, G., et al. — Tue, 01 Nov 2022 18:18:04 +0100

The UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science was endorsed in November 2021 by all 193 member states of UNESCO after two years of preparation. Citizen science practitioners across the globe have extensive and diverse first-hand experience with the practice of engaging different groups of stakeholders in the scientific production and application of new knowledge. Under the umbrella of the Community of Practice on Citizen Science and Open Science (CS&OS CoP) of the Citizen Science Global Partnership (CSGP), a group of 63 citizen science practitioners from 24 countries contributed to the process of drafting the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science. UNESCO has asked the CS&OS CoP and associates to provide guidance for country governments on how to embed the open engagement of societal actors in their (Open) Science policies to ensure that this pillar is suitably addressed and incorporated in the implementation of the Recommendation around the world. In response to this request, 35 people from 21 countries collaborated in a short and concentrated effort to gather and review relevant resources and case study examples, and present these along with the below guidance on successful approaches and mechanisms for embedding the open engagement of societal actors in (Open) Science policy.

Overdrevet ormehul

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 27 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

Skygger for solen

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 20 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

D4.2: Second version of the Description of TIME4CS training programs

Nielsen, K. H., Kragh, G. — Thu, 26 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

The emergence of a quantitative worldview and why everyone should care about mathematics

Carter, J. — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 18:18:04 +0200

Mathematical Practice, Fictionalism and Social Ontology

Carter, J. — Wed, 01 Feb 2023 18:18:04 +0100

From the perspective of mathematical practice, I examine positions claiming that mathematical objects are introduced by human agents. I consider in particular mathematical fictionalism and a recent position on social ontology formulated by Cole (2013, 2015). These positions are able to solve some of the challenges that non-realist positions face. I argue, however, that mathematical entities have features other than fictional characters and social institutions. I emphasise that the way mathematical objects are introduced is different and point to the multifaceted role that relations and interconnections play in this context. Finally, I argue that mathematical entities can be considered to be pragmatically real.

TikTok, tamponer og titandioxid

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Vores allesammens virus

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 16 Dec 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Uniting citizen science and natural history in China

Fu, S. — Thu, 01 Dec 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Citizen science (CS) is an emerging field in 21^st century China. Chinese CS mainly focuses on environmental and species monitoring. According to Danielle Brombal, Asian studies scholar, Chinese CS is highly instrumental and data-focused, i.e., used primarily to promote scientific research, but places little value on citizen scientists' social and emotional context. Brombal suggests a transformative change for Chinese CS, which aims for a radical change of individual cognitive and emotional attitudes, as well as collective norms. The end goal is the transition to sustainability or ecological civilisation for the entire of China. This paper discusses the potential of facilitating such transformative changes through the Natural History Revival Movement, an environmental movement in contemporary China, which proves to be consistent with Brombal's proposed transformation of Chinese CS as regards goals and approaches.

Citizen science in Denmark at a critical stage

Nielsen, K. H., Kragh, G., Agergaard, T. E. — Thu, 01 Dec 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Dommedagsuret

Nielsen, H., Andersen, C. — Thu, 01 Dec 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Engineering i skolen - hvad, hvordan, hvorfor

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Den norske grødstrid

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 18 Nov 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Feministisk forskning

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 18:18:04 +0100

The potential of citizen science for Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services assessment in agri-environmental systems

Hager, G., Kragh, G., Danielsen, F. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

Citizen science (CS), broadly understood as public participation in scientific research, has been rapidly growing in many fields of application and with different foci, encompassing approaches such as community-based monitoring, citizen observatories, and volunteered geographic information, amongst others. Recently, linkages of CS with Ecosystem Services (ES) and Natural Capital (NC) approaches have been explored, uncovering existing links as well as identifying ways in which CS can help advance such approaches. National strategy plans, including the UK’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment, are also starting to recognise CS as one important building block for data collection and implementation of such plans.
This presentation will situate CS in relation to ES and NC approaches focusing on agrienvironmental systems, outlining the current state of understanding and highlighting several areas in which CS can provide tested methods and mechanisms to the NC/ES field including integration with national NC/ES assessment frameworks, using CS for NC/ES research and modelling as well as establishing localised approaches, such as community-based and codeveloped NC/ES monitoring and management networks and programmes. We will provide
use cases from agriculture and natural resource management across the globe, including from the FRAMEwork project, to illustrate the examples, and outline challenges and opportunities for future applications.
Parallels will also be drawn to related sustainability-focused concepts and assessment frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, where the potential of CS to contribute to official indicator monitoring as well as goal and target level implementation has been studied in-depth and demonstrated by several examples. Policy pathways and recommended roadmaps developed for linking the SDGs with citizen science will further illuminate the potential of CS for enriching NC and ES framing and assessment.

How to engage young people in mental health research?

Poulsen, S. H., Maindal, N., Kragh, G., et al. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

Mental health and planetary health have been shown to be interwoven and we are only just starting to understand this relationship. Climate change and the effects thereof, of which it has been suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic is one, have adverse effects on people’s mental health. Protecting and improving the mental health and well-being of young people is an important task for present and future societies, both in general and in particular when crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, strike. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, young people’s mental health was especially challenged by restrictions compared to other age groups. However, young people are rarely involved in research on identifying solutions and coping strategies dealing with their mental health challenges. This poster presents our experiences with co-creation with young people about their mental health challenges and coping strategies during the lockdowns. We involved young people (n=150) aged 17-22 in three workshops in Denmark to collect personal reflections, co-analyse the material, and then co-create coping strategies and communication materials to help other young people cope with the situation. The participants were current or former students from The Academy of Talented Youth, an extracurricular activity for high school students. Mixed methods were used including written reflections, questionnaire, interviews, Miro-board and observation notes. Participants reported that the engagement provided them with the opportunity to reflect on their own life, share experiences, and be inspired by their peers. Additionally, they experienced feelings of being heard and felt they could contribute with a unique perspective by, for, and on youth. Furthermore, we engaged in a closer collaboration with five young people as co-researchers in planning and execution of the co-creation workshop, data collection, analysis, and communication, creating a safe space for the workshop participants to share their mental health challenges. The activities also resulted in outputs for the research project, including insight into young people’s challenges during the pandemic, co-creation of coping strategies, and input to communication products. Our study indicated several benefits as well as challenges from engaging young people in science communication and co-creation, though we believe the benefits far outweigh the challenges.

Citizen science and farmer-led innovation at the frontiers of farming and biodiversity

Hager, G., Kragh, G., Poulsen, M. K. ., Danielsen, F., Begg, G. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

Agriculture is a key frontier for ensuring planetary health and conserving and promoting biodiversity. One way to strengthen biodiversity and sustainability in the countryside is through 'top-down' implementation of, for example, land reforms or increased research on green conversion. Another way is by 'bottom-up' promotion of farmer-led innovation and community engagement. The EU project “FRAMEwork”, led by The James Hutton Institute in Scotland, is helping farmer groups, so-called ‘farmer clusters’, with a shared interest in monitoring biodiversity on their farms in partnership with researchers and local communities as well as implementing more biodiversity-friendly farming at a landscape scale. In eleven active farmer clusters from Spain to Estonia, the project is combining two concepts, stemming from different practice domains: Farmer Clusters and Citizen Observatories. A farmer cluster, a popular concept first started by the Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust in the UK, is a community of farmers, located in the same region, who work together to share knowledge and support and motivate one another to conserve and enhance the biodiversity and ecological health of their farming landscapes. Citizen Observatories, on the other hand, are considered as a particular form of citizen science and collective action with the aim of collecting evidence, creating knowledge, and applying the evidence and knowledge for advocacy and place-based decision-making to reach environmental and societal impact. The combination of the two concepts aims to maximise the strengths of both and create a strong, evidence-based, locally embedded community approach to biodiversity protection and enhancement by enabling the integration of structured monitoring with adaptive land management practices. In this poster, we will present a summary of the approach including different pathways to link farmer-led innovation via farmer clusters at a landscape scale with the Citizen Observatory concept as well as some intermediary results of the project ("Farmer Clusters for Realising Agrobiodiversity Management across Ecosystems"; €8M; 2020-2025; link: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/862731).

Mobilising local communities and expedition cruise passengers in the Arctic to address issues of planetary health

Kragh, G., Poulsen, M. K. ., Iversen, L., Cheeseman, T., Danielsen, F. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

Our knowledge of the status and trends in the environment and natural resources in the Arctic is limited, making decisions related to planetary health difficult. One challenge is how to reach remote, uninhabited wilderness areas in order to obtain much-needed data and this is where expedition cruises can play a crucial role. Here, citizen science enables valuable data and information to be generated from local and outside sources of knowledge. This talk presents a citizen science pilot programme of environmental monitoring by Arctic expedition cruises in Svalbard and Greenland during 2019, conducted to understand the potential this kind of environmental monitoring may have and to identify suitable approaches for enhancing data collection, management, and knowledge sharing. Four citizen science projects were piloted: two biodiversity projects, one environmental and one meteorological project. Biodiversity monitoring and recording through the eBird and Happywhale platforms were by far the most popular projects in the programme, reflecting the interests of expedition cruise participants and highlighting the need to consider participant motivation and preferences in the design of such programmes. Furthermore, observations are more likely to be used by decision-makers in the Arctic if records are analysed and interpreted with a view to informing decision-making processes and if the findings are communicated to decision-makers in appropriate formats. An intermediary organisation that can facilitate the dialogue and knowledge transfer between citizen science programmes, scientists, and decision-makers is essential to ensuring that data actually enter the decision-making processes. Mobilising visitors, staff, and local communities can make a significant contribution to better environmental decision-making and strengthen efforts to address issues of planetary health in the Arctic.

Experiences from a Citizen Science project engaging children and young people in lake ecology through activities in their spare time. Lakes in spare time

Egemose, S., Greve, C., Okholm, A., et al. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

All children and young people should have the possibility to experience the joy of learning about nature and planetary health. Only through learning will we also understand, love, and protect something (Diom, 1968), in this case our freshwater environments. In the citizen science project ‘Lakes in Spare Time’, the participating children and young people learn about freshwater quality and biodiversity through participatory science in and around Danish lakes and ponds, of which there are approximately 200,000. Through the various project activities, the participants contribute to freshwater research by collecting data while they gain knowledge and awareness of environmental challenges in relation to lakes and ponds. All project activities are happening in collaboration with nature schools, libraries, societies engaging children and young people, families, volunteers, and researchers. There are four main activities; Find a lake, Book a lake communicator, Lake suitcases and Lake camps. All in informal arenas and centred about experiments, activities, and equipment in relation to lake ecology, but in different timespan. Project goals, in addition to the learning goal, include gaining new and improved knowledge about water quality and biodiversity, as well as making data gained available online by the participants or us, depending on the activity, so it can be viewed and used by all interested parties, including the public. Our presentation will focus on the experiences gained from engaging children and young people in a citizen science project in their spare time in an informal learning environment. We will share our thoughts and considerations as well as our experiences in relation to engagement and commitment of young participants, collaboration across disciplines, data collection, quality of data and knowledge dissemination.

Investigating global resource chains, The case of the global Danish plant oil complex

Heymann, M. — Sat, 01 Jan 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Review of Arne Kaijser / Markku Lehtonen / Jan-Henrik Meyer et al. (eds.): Engaging The Atom. The History of Nuclear Energy and Society in Europe from the 1950s to the Present, Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press 2021

Heymann, M. — Sat, 01 Jan 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Coen, Deborah R. (2018), Climate in Motion, Science, Empire, and the Problem of Scale

Heymann, M. — Sat, 01 Jan 2022 18:18:04 +0100

Mendels ærteplanter

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 21 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

Kræftfremkaldende babypudder

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 07 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

What we publish in Metascience

Wray, K. B., Nash, L., Simon, J. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

This editorial explains to readers of and contributors to the journal what we publish.

Exploring Trust and Mistrust Relating to the MMR Vaccine in Danish Newspapers Using Computational Analysis and Framing Analysis

Fage-Butler, A., Nielsen, K. H., Ledderer, L. K., Tørring, M. L., Nielbo, K. L. — Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:18:04 +0200

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the MMR vaccine debate was framed as a matter of public trust or mistrust on Danish newspaper media. Our results, based on computational analysis of the information dynamics of 231 newspaper articles from 2001 to 2019 and subsequent qualitative framing analysis, provide additional information about MMR vaccination coverage in the three major Danish national newspapers, Politiken, Berlingske and Ekstrabladet. We used a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to train article-level dense low-dimensional representations and explored the information dynamics using Nielbo et al.’s [1, 2] approach to change detection in news-based information signals. In addition, we used Entman [3] to identify and analyse frames that related to trust and mistrust of MMR vaccination. We found that the Danish MMR debate followed patterns of novelty and resonance that typify the expected dynamics of news reporting by legacy news media when news is not catastrophic or shocking [2]. Supporting this finding, the framing analysis showed that the three newspapers promoted vaccines as safe and valuable for society throughout the period. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from cultural studies, science studies, public health, computational humanities and media studies, this study presents a methodologically innovative approach to studying historical and near-real time framing of (mis)trust of vaccination in newspaper articles. Recent debates about the safety of Covid-19 vaccines underline the importance of quantifying and qualifying vaccine discourses and paying attention to legacy media’s overall agenda-setting role.

Mekaniske tyrkere

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 09 Sep 2022 18:18:04 +0200

En bedre evolutionsteori?

Nielsen, K. H. — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 18:18:04 +0200

A Defense of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Wray, K. B. — Sun, 01 Jan 2023 18:18:04 +0100

This is a substantially modified version of a chapter that appeared in my book Kuhn's Intellectual Path (Cambridge University Press, 2021)